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program to find maximum and minimum elements in array using recursion
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/* program to find maximum and minimum elements in array using recursion
Write a C program to find maximum and minimum elements in an array using recursion. How to find maximum and minimum element in an array using recursion in C programming.
Recursion works on the concept of divide and conquer. We break the problem in its smallest size where it can be solved directly. For the maximum/minimum problem, the smallest problem size would be finding maximum/minimum between two elements.
Before writing our main logic, let us first define a recursive function to find maximum element in an array.
int maximum(int array[], int index, int N);
For this recursive approach to find maximum, I have divided the algorithm in three main steps.
If only two elements are left. We can easily find maximum using array[currentIndex] > array[currentIndex + 1]. */
/*
* This conditions confirms that only two elements
* are left i.e. array[index] and array[index + 1]
*/
if(index == N-2)
{
if(array[index] > array[index + 1])
{
// array[index] i.e. second last element is max
}
else
{
// array[index + 1] i.e. last element is max
}
}
Find maximum on the right side of current array index. For this step we will use recursive function call.
max = maximum(array, index + 1, N);
Finally compare the current array element with maximum element on its right (found in above step).
if(array[index] > max)
{
// array[index] is maximum
}
else
{
// max is maximum
}
#include <stdio.h>
#define maxsize 100 // Maximum size of the array
/* Function declarations */
int maximum(int array[], int index, int len);
int minimum(int array[], int index, int len);
int main()
{
int array[maxsize], N, max, min;
int i;
/* Input size and elements of array */
printf("Enter size of the array: ");
scanf("%d", &N);
printf("Enter %d elements in array: ", N);
for(i=0; i<N; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &array[i]);
}
max = maximum(array, 0, N);
min = minimum(array, 0, N);
printf("Minimum element in array = %d\n", min);
printf("Maximum element in array = %d\n", max);
return 0;
}
/* Recursive function to find maximum element in the given array. */
int maximum(int array[], int index, int len)
{
int max;
/* Only last and second last element are left */
if(index >= len-2)
{
if(array[index] > array[index + 1])
return array[index];
else
return array[index + 1];
}
/*
* Recursively call maximum to find maximum element in
* right side of the array from current index.
*/
max = maximum(array, index + 1, len);
/*
* Compare the current array element with maximum
* element on its right side
*/
if(array[index] > max)
return array[index];
else
return max;
}
/* Recursive function to find minimum element in the array. */
int minimum(int array[], int index, int len)
{
int min;
if(index >= len-2)
{
if(array[index] < array[index + 1])
return array[index];
else
return array[index + 1];
}
min = minimum(array, index + 1, len);
if(array[index] < min)
return array[index];
else
return min;
}
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