C Programming Code Examples
C > Linked Lists Code Examples
Remove Item in Circular Linked List In C
/* Remove Item in Circular Linked List In C */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node {
int data;
struct node *next;
};
struct node *head = NULL;
struct node *current = NULL;
struct node *prev = NULL;
//insert link at the first location
void insert(int data) {
// Allocate memory for new node;
struct node *link = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
link->data = data;
link->next = NULL;
// If head is empty, create new list
if(head==NULL) {
head = link;
head->next = link;
return;
}
current = head;
// move to the end of the list
while(current->next != head)
current = current->next;
// Insert link at the end of the list
current->next = link;
// Link the last node back to head
link->next = head;
}
void remove_data(int data) {
int pos = 0;
if(head==NULL) {
printf("Linked List not initialized");
return;
}
if(head->data == data) {
if(head->next != head) {
current = head;
while(current->next!=head) {
current = current->next;
}
current->next = head->next;
head = head->next;
return;
}else {
head = NULL;
printf("List is empty\n");
exit(0);
}
}else if(head->data != data && head->next == NULL) {
printf("%d not found in the list\n", data);
return;
}
current = head;
while(current->next != head && current->data != data) {
prev = current;
current = current->next;
}
if(current->data == data) {
prev->next = prev->next->next;
free(current);
}else
printf("%d not found in the list.", data);
}
//display the list
void printList() {
struct node *ptr = head;
printf("\n[head] =>");
//start from the beginning
while(ptr->next != head) {
printf(" %d =>",ptr->data);
ptr = ptr->next;
}
printf(" %d =>",ptr->data);
printf(" [head]\n");
}
int main() {
insert(10);
insert(23);
insert(36);
insert(1);
insert(44);
insert(56);
printf("Original List -");
printList();
remove_data(1);
printf("List after removal -");
printList();
return 0;
}
Allocate memory block. Allocates a block of size bytes of memory, returning a pointer to the beginning of the block. The content of the newly allocated block of memory is not initialized, remaining with indeterminate values. If size is zero, the return value depends on the particular library implementation (it may or may not be a null pointer), but the returned pointer shall not be dereferenced. The "malloc" or "memory allocation" method in C is used to dynamically allocate a single large block of memory with the specified size. It returns a pointer of type void which can be cast into a pointer of any form. It doesn't Iniatialize memory at execution time so that it has initializes each block with the default garbage value initially.
In C, the "main" function is treated the same as every function, it has a return type (and in some cases accepts inputs via parameters). The only difference is that the main function is "called" by the operating system when the user runs the program. Thus the main function is always the first code executed when a program starts. main() function is a user defined, body of the function is defined by the programmer or we can say main() is programmer/user implemented function, whose prototype is predefined in the compiler. Hence we can say that main() in c programming is user defined as well as predefined because it's prototype is predefined. main() is a system (compiler) declared function whose defined by the user, which is invoked automatically by the operating system when program is being executed.
The free() function in C library allows you to release or deallocate the memory blocks which are previously allocated by calloc(), malloc() or realloc() functions. It frees up the memory blocks and returns the memory to heap. It helps freeing the memory in your program which will be available for later use. In C, the memory for variables is automatically deallocated at compile time. For dynamic memory allocation in C, you have to deallocate the memory explicitly. If not done, you may encounter out of memory error.
The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2 possibilities. The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test expressions and execute different statements. In C/C++ if-else-if ladder helps user decide from among multiple options. The C/C++ if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the C else-if ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement will be executed.
While loop is also known as a pre-tested loop. In general, a while loop allows a part of the code to be executed multiple times depending upon a given boolean condition. It can be viewed as a repeating if statement. The while loop is mostly used in the case where the number of iterations is not known in advance. The while loop evaluates the test expression inside the parentheses (). If test expression is true, statements inside the body of while loop are executed. Then, test expression is evaluated again. The process goes on until test expression is evaluated to false. If test expression is false, the loop terminates.
Writes the C string pointed by format to the standard output (stdout). If format includes format specifiers (subsequences beginning with %), the additional arguments following format are formatted and inserted in the resulting string replacing their respective specifiers. printf format string refers to a control parameter used by a class of functions in the input/output libraries of C programming language. The string is written in a simple template language: characters are usually copied literally into the function's output, but format specifiers, which start with a % character, indicate the location and method to translate a piece of data (such as a number) to characters. "printf" is the name of one of the main C output functions, and stands for "print formatted". printf format strings are complementary to scanf format strings, which provide formatted input (parsing). In both cases these provide simple functionality and fixed format compared to more sophisticated and flexible template engines or parsers,
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program. Here are the two types of file that can be included using #include:
The exit() function is used to terminate a process or function calling immediately in the program. It means any open file or function belonging to the process is closed immediately as the exit() function occurred in the program. The exit() function is the standard library function of the C, which is defined in the stdlib.h header file. So, we can say it is the function that forcefully terminates the current program and transfers the control to the operating system to exit the program. The exit(0) function determines the program terminates without any error message, and then the exit(1) function determines the program forcefully terminates the execution process.
An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming. These operators are used to perform logical operations and used with conditional statements like C if-else statements.
The sizeof() operator is commonly used in C. It determines the size of the expression or the data type specified in the number of char-sized storage units. The sizeof() operator contains a single operand which can be either an expression or a data typecast where the cast is data type enclosed within parenthesis. The data type cannot only be primitive data types such as integer or floating data types, but it can also be pointer data types and compound data types such as unions and structs.
C programmers are required to swap values of two variables. Here, we shall learn how to swap values of 2 integer variables, that may lead to swapping of values of any type and...
C Program code print all Natural Numbers in reverse from n to 1 using for loop. Input start limit from user. Store it in some variable say start. Run a loop from start to 1 & decrement
C Program reverse counting is sequence of whole numbers in descending order without zero. Developing a program of counting in C programming language is easy and we shall
