C Programming Code Examples
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Program to Convert String into Lowercase Using Library Function
/* Program to Convert String into Lowercase Using Library Function */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main() {
char *string = "Happy Codings - C Programming Language";
printf("\nString before to strlwr : %s", string);
strlwr(string);
printf("\nString after strlwr : %s", string);
return (0);
}
Convert a string to lowercase. The strlwr() is string function defined in the string.h header file, which is used to convert all the characters in a String to lower case letters. Another commonly required string operation is that of converting the case of a given string. The C standard library does not provide any function for case conversion. However, some C implementations provide the strlwr and strupr functions. The strlwr function converts all characters in a given string to lowercase, whereas the strupr function converts all characters to uppercase.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program. Here are the two types of file that can be included using #include:
Writes the C string pointed by format to the standard output (stdout). If format includes format specifiers (subsequences beginning with %), the additional arguments following format are formatted and inserted in the resulting string replacing their respective specifiers. printf format string refers to a control parameter used by a class of functions in the input/output libraries of C programming language. The string is written in a simple template language: characters are usually copied literally into the function's output, but format specifiers, which start with a % character, indicate the location and method to translate a piece of data (such as a number) to characters. "printf" is the name of one of the main C output functions, and stands for "print formatted". printf format strings are complementary to scanf format strings, which provide formatted input (parsing). In both cases these provide simple functionality and fixed format compared to more sophisticated and flexible template engines or parsers,
In C, the "main" function is treated the same as every function, it has a return type (and in some cases accepts inputs via parameters). The only difference is that the main function is "called" by the operating system when the user runs the program. Thus the main function is always the first code executed when a program starts. main() function is a user defined, body of the function is defined by the programmer or we can say main() is programmer/user implemented function, whose prototype is predefined in the compiler. Hence we can say that main() in c programming is user defined as well as predefined because it's prototype is predefined. main() is a system (compiler) declared function whose defined by the user, which is invoked automatically by the operating system when program is being executed.
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